AIDS INFECTION AND PREVENTION

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD

HIV transmission occurs when an individual moves to another a sufficient amount of virus. The virus is found mainly in people infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Can be transmitted to others through wounds, punctures, broken skin, vaginal mucosa or anal mucosa.

So we know that the most frequent of transmission are:

• The penetrative sex without a condom with an infected person, both the same and opposite sex.
• Sharing syringes, needles and other drug use in injections.
• Pregnancy from an infected woman, the child may be born with HIV, since the mother can pass it to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. The transmission frequency of 1 in 3 or 4.Some of these babies are HIV-positive only because of the antibodies from the mother and can become negative by 15 months. Those who do not become negative will develop the disease of AIDS.
• The serum derived transmission now is negligible by rigid sanitary controls.
• Transmission over the wound is possible.

METHODS OF PREVENTION

A)

1. Staying true to the couple.
2. Not having sexual intercourse with:
   1. People who either suspected or known to have AIDS.
   2. Multiple partners (promiscuity).
   3. People who have multiple partners.
   4. People who are administered intravenous drugs.

B)

1. Do not use intravenous drugs. If used, do not share needles or syringes. Avoid contact with bloody wounds, nosebleeds, etc., especially when the individual is not known bleeding. We recommend the use of protective masks and gloves for the care of people with injuries.
2. People with AIDS or asymptomatic individuals who are HIV positive test can transmit the disease to others and should not donate blood, plasma, organs or semen. From a legal perspective, ethical and moral, should warn any sexual partner of their HIV status. They should not exchange body fluids during sexual activity and should use whatever preventive measures (such as condoms) to provide more protection to the couple.
3. HIV positive women should be counseled before pregnancy the risk of their babies. They should be informed about ways to reduce the risk of infection of the fetus.
4. HIV positive women should not breastfeed your baby.
5.  Using a condom during sex. In the laboratory , latex condoms are effective in blocking viral entry of HIV because the pores of the latex are small and do not allow entry. Condoms are also an effective barrier against herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis "B", the chlamydia and gonorrhea.But the real effectiveness of condoms reduces the introduction of the "human factor" and the factor "forfeiture."
6. Users may fail to:
1. Do not use a condom in every sexual act.
2. Do not wear a condom before any genital sexual contact.
3. Do not unroll the condom fully to put on.
Improving the effectiveness of condoms:
1. Avoiding the use of lubricants (petroleum jelly, butter, cream) that weaken the latex.
2. It must protect the condoms from very close contact with the heat or the sun.
3. Only use condoms in sealed packages. The broken or damaged or signs of age (wrinkled, sticky, or discolored), are a cause of failure of protection.

Safer sex behaviors may reduce the risk of acquiring infection, but even with the use of condoms there is a risk. Abstinence is the safest and only to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.

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